Developments in communication technologies have been making significant contributions to the economic and social development of countries in recent years. In line with the rapid spread of mobile technologies, the demand for quality parameters in communication technologies such as audio quality, bandwidth and coverage area is also increasing every day. 1G, known as the first generation cellular technologies, allows an analog system, while 2G has come to the fore with voice and data transmission. With the development of techniques in communication technology, features such as video calling, video watching and listening to music have started to be used in 3G technology. Mobile communication technologies are eliminating the problem of place and time, which are the biggest obstacles in communication, along with new developments. In addition to the 4G technology used today, the 5G technology (the fifth generation mobile communication technology) accelerates communication between people and offers fundamental differences compared to previous generation communication technologies in terms of connecting objects. The high data speed, low latency, more data capacity, energy and cost efficiency benefits of 5G are seen to lead to serious changes in sectors such as energy, automotive, healthcare, energy, urbanization, agriculture and entertainment.
Mobile communication technologies are eliminating the problem of place and time, which are the biggest obstacles in communication, along with new developments.
Automotive Sector
Today, several automobile companies have started working on autonomous vehicles. Since the technology that autonomous vehicles will need is not achievable with current systems, the transition to 5G technology will enable many infrastructures to improve. The main objective of intelligent transportation systems is to ensure that vehicles, city infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, roads, bridges and traffic lights are connected to each other and work in harmony. Today’s vehicles and autonomous vehicles in traffic will also lead to the emergence of new technological developments. We can list the biggest promises of 5G mobile communication technology to the automotive industry as low latency, high reliability and higher performance. By creating the concept of “Vehicle-to-Everything Communication” with 5G technology, vehicles will be able to exchange information with other vehicles via roadside infrastructure, a back-end server, the internet and pedestrians.
Energy Sector
With the rapid increase of the world population and further acceleration of industrialization, the demand for energy is increasing every day. The energy sector will be one of the sectors that will use the opportunities of 5G technology. Power plants will work more efficiently when equipped with 5G technology. With smart meters, significant savings will be achieved from the energy sources either in houses or production sites. The physical infrastructures in power plants will not change that much, while there will be new developments in using these infrastructures. It is aimed that smart home systems and control systems work in a coordinated manner with the Internet of things. 5G will provide new opportunities to improve the distribution and use of energy, increase overall efficiency, and minimize gaps between supply and demand. In particular, 5G technology will help to bring out smart grid features and efficiency.
The main objective of intelligent transportation systems is to ensure that vehicles, city infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, roads, bridges and traffic lights are connected to each other and work in harmony.
Healthcare Sector
5G technology, which will result in significant developments and changes in the healthcare sector, is intended to increase our quality of life with new health applications. With 5G networks, all patients and doctors in the world will be able to connect to each other. With the connection of more devices to the internet of things, doctors will be able to monitor their patients. 5G networks will support sensors that require very low energy consumption by charging them once every 15 years. In this way, medical (or medical related) devices such as wearable sensors that measure blood pressure or insulin will last even longer. With the high security of 5G infrastructures, there will be no external interference against users’ health data. Among the innovations that 5G will bring in the healthcare sector are continuous monitoring, analytical forecasting, remote diagnosis, remote health care, assisted surgery and remote surgery.
Smart cities
5G has the technology that can prevent connection difficulties, or issues, that may happen due to connecting a large number of devices at the same time. 5G, which will make cities and houses smarter and more interactive in the near future, will deliver more data more efficiently, with higher bandwidth and less standby time. Sensors that detect air pollution and fire, determine the safety condition of bridges, determine traffic congestion and re-routing options, the sensors in street lights that turn on/off according to pedestrian density etc. will be able to work more safely and quickly with 5G technology.
