Sometimes, there may be breakdowns in the products of LED armature producers. And so the producers may face with serious costs while changing the products on the field. To avoid this type of risks, producers make breakdown analyses and want to minimize these risks in the new designs. Being encountered recently, Electrical Overstress (EOS) and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) are the principal problems that are difficult to understand while making breakdown analyse. These problems are mostly confused. In this paper, we will examine the difference between EOS and ESD, the reasons underlying these problems and considerations in designs and production to minimize these breakdowns.

The Difference Between Electrical Overstress (EOS) and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

ESD comes first to the mind when we mention EOS. These two terms may be used interchangeably. However, there are small differences between them. ESD occurs when there are momentary high voltage jumps up to kV in a very short time (like nanosecond), while EOS takes longer time (milisecond or second). We can assume ESD as a sub-category of EOS.

• ESD generally occurs when the system is off. It creates small holes/cracks on epitaxial layer (layers that make EPI and LED).
• EOS happens generally in power mode when the system is on. Overheating/burning is the damage (melting in EPI layer/binding wire).

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is described as the release of static electric when two objects contact, while static electric is defined as the electrical charge arising out of the imbalance on the surface of a material/electron transfer.

Simply put, ESD means the transfer of static charge from one body to the other (generally through contact). This problem mostly occurs during assembly, production, mounting, transportation and shipping when the product is off. ESD occurs when the static electric is transferred from one object to the other (LED). An ESD event is mostly characterized with “voltage spike.”

The Effects of ESD on LED and Its Symptoms:

The effects of ESD on LED:
ESD can be defined as a sudden burst of energy that is transmitted to ESD device and may harm LED. This sudden burst of energy may create micro-cracks and structural defects in LED, which may lead to following breakdowns:

Latent breakdown: The most problematic of all breakdowns is the latent one. LED keeps working
but partial breakdown leads to low performance or decreases the lifetime of the product. It cannot be detected at the first moment, may emerge after hundreds/thousands of hours when the product is on the field and paves the way for EOS damages.

Disruptive breakdown: LED stops working and becomes off.

• Symptoms:

When LED is damaged because of ESD, some (or all) of the following symtomps may surface:

1. It will not be on during nominal current.
2. Inverse current leakage will increase due to micro-cracks or structural defects in LED chip ports.
3. There will be no anomaly or light output in low current.

• Human Body Model for ESD (HBM):

As stated previously, the reasons behind EDS are various. Human contact, machine, packaging are some of them. The most common reason behind EDS damage is human contact. Human contact model is the most commonly-used model to characterize the sensitivity of an electronic device to the damage arising out of electrostatic discharge. Sensitivity or resistance of LED to ESD is categorized in the following HBM classes.

• Minimizing ESD Risk During Mounting

To minimize ESD risk while mounting LED components and modules, following tools are recommended:

• Y Antistatic Wrist Straps
• Proper Shoes for ESD
• Antistatic Suit / Clothes

Electrical Overstess (EOS)

There are many factors which may cause EOS problem. Spike is defined as fast and short-term sudden electrical transition in voltage, current or transmitted energy in an electrical circuit. These spikes which may come from various resources such as sudden high current/voltage when the energy is given/cut create EOS problems

• Possible Reasons Behind EOS

• Nondisruptive damages stemming from ESD trigger current/voltage spikes and certainly cause EOS.

• Occuring while power is on and off, these spikes may come from the drive of a LED circuit or system. If there is no extra protection in LED module and a spike more than breakdown value occurs, EOS arises.

• In DOB designs, a spike may occur due to the cable groups around drive circuit and even drive and LED connection themselves may be the source of spike.

• During testing phase of the production, additions to and droppings from LED modules or repairing/intervening the module may cause sudden current spike while the power is on. If this threshold is higher than inrush current specified in datasheet of LED, EOS will emerge and result in serious damage.

• If the driving current of LED is close to maximum output current specified in datasheet of LED, it may exceed the maximum current due to an underdesigned drive that cannot regulate output current or output current tolerance of the drive and may cause breakdown in LED.

• If there is no external protection against power surges and thunderbolt in the system of LED armature, the resultant sudden current/voltage spikes may damage LED modules.

• Any kind of loose contact, crack or skewness in LED assemblies, connectors, cable solderings on LED module may lead to EOS.

• Even if not much damage occurs after one EOS, this may trigger other EOS forms and cause LED to break down.

Symptoms Of EOS on LED

• LED may wholly become non-operating.

• A serious decrase in effectivity, life-time of LED and thermal performance may occur and it may be non-operating after a short while.

• Depending on the extent of the damage, a melted/burnt image, short circuit, ruptured wire, non-uniform light output may be seen on LED. Some damages that are invisible to the eye but visible through microscope may also occur.

Minimizing The Risks Of EOS and ESD During The Design

While choosing LED for our design, we must consider ESD JEDEC Standard classes we mention in technical specifications to minimize ESD risk. LED must absolutely comply with this standard. If protection classes of the future LED differ from each other, the class must be chosen depending on the class. This detail will minimize ESD risk of LED, yet it is not adequate on its own to protect the whole sytstem from EOS defects and additional measures must be taken. TVS is recommended in the designs for protection against EOS. It can be used for protecting LEDs against over-chargers and TVS diodes may offer protection up to 30KV. TVS diodes have different covers (smd/dip) and different product types including unidirectional and bidirectional (two TVS as series). Adding these products, which are compatible with the design, to your LED module will protect your product against possible EOS problems. TVS is always off in the system. When an EOS occurs, it turns on and begins protecting LED if spike voltage is higher than breakdown voltage. While choosing TVS diode, reaction time
and breakdown voltage values should be handled carefully.

Electrical Overstress (EOS) and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Problem In LEDs yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Ledlink Optics, the world’s leading lens and reflector manufacturer and Özdisan Elektronik signed a distributionship agreement. Ledlink product family, manufactured with high-quality optical materials and engineering experience of years, promises its users for top-tier performance, strength and design flexibility with many different measure and light pattern options.

Ledlink Optics Up For Sale On Özdisan’s Promise yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Özdisan Becomes Authorized Distributor Of Yageo Group yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Özdisan joined Light Middle East | Intelligent Building Middle East exhibition held in Dubai on 17-19 January time. 16th Light Middle East Show welcomed over 6500 visitors from 75 countries with more than 160 participants. Özdisan exhibited its LED brands from CREE, SEOUL-Semiconductor and Lextar alongside PHILIPS driver solutions, Ledlink and Evaoptic optical solutions, lighting connectors from TE Connectivity Entrelec and BNCHG. The exhibition has played a vital role in the growth and development of the industry since its launch in 2006, with a solid representation of global products and brands, number of educational conferences, certified workshops and leading award programmes to distinguish the best of the industry.

Özdisan Joined Light Middle East yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

An authorized distributorship agreement was signed between Korchip, one of the leading EDLC (Electric Double Layer Capacitor) manufacturers in Korea and Özdisan Elektronik, Turkey’s largest electronic component solution partner. With this agreement, Özdisan became the official distributor in Turkey of all Coin, Radial, Module, LUG and TR type super capacitors in Korchip’s product range. The products in Korchip’s inventory provide smart solutions especially for IT, consumer electronics, industrial electronics, energy and automotive applications. Korchip’s history dates back to 1990. In those years, the adventure started as the distributor of Samsung Electro-Mechanics, a passive component manufacturer and in 2002, with the establishment of its own super capacitor production lines, it became one of the world’s leading super capacitor manufacturers.

Now, Özdisan Has a New Brand To Distribute yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

First European Office In Thessaloniki By Özdisan yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Invention Challenge competition, held by JPL NASA in US for secondary school students, took place in Dudullu Campus of Doğuş University with the participation of 30 schools and science hobbyists. In the competition whose organization and sponsorship were undertaken by Özdisan Elektronik, the teams who had the highest scores after five shots won the awards upon the jury assessment.

Aiming at making students lively experience that the science is pleasant and fun and love it, this competition is based on contemplating a problem and challenging schools and students to design the best device to solve the problem. Then, the schools compete their devices in a festive environment and those ranking as first, second or third in the competition are determined through measurement.

This year’s concept was “Miniature Castles” and the most creative, most extraordinary, most artistic, the smallest and lightest designs were given plaques and awards. Çevre College ranked as first, TED İstanbul College ranked as second and İSÖV Dinçkök Vocational and Technical Anatolian Highschool ranked as third at the end of the competition. Paul MacNeal, the Organizator of the competition from NASA, uttered these words: “In 1998 I started the JPL Invention Challenge as an opportunity to let the JPL Engineers have some fun just before the Holiday break in December. Little did I know how popular the event would be amongst the JPL employees and eventually all the wonderful participation from student teams throughout Southern California. To date over 10,000 students have participated in our 22 year history of running the JPL Invention Challenge and that does not include the teams that have participated in the Istanbul Invention Challenge. My reason for holding this event is to show students that engineering is fun and rewarding. Seeing the students that get to the finals at JPL, they are amazed at the prospect for one day becoming an engineer just like the engineers that participate in our challenge. One of our five mission goals at JPL is to “Inspire the Next Generation of Engineers”. I think this contest does that and also helps students see the benefits of hard work, teamwork, and collaboration. I wish to thank everyone that has participated in our contest in the past and I hope that all participants will seek to keep the drive of being curious and inventive forever.”

“NASA INVENTION FESTIVAL”

A Tight Race In ”NASA Invention Festival” yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Being Turkey’s leader company in electronic component distribution, Özdisan Elektronik keeps growing with its new investments and global collaborations. The company’s headquarters is in İstanbul and it has opened a new office in Thessaloniki in the last months. We met Okan Abdi, Deputy General Manager of Özdisan Elektronik which is the distributor of many active and passive electronic components, and discussed the investments and works of the company.

How was Özdisan’s 2022, Mr. Abdi? Did you achieve your goals?

We have left behind a year and in the first half of last year, the effects of chip crisis added to the pandemic that started in 2020 remained, while lead times were normalized gradually in the second half. While many companies distress its customers in providing microprocessors, Özdisan delivered products that were in the stock to many customers. Alongside our alternative solutions to the companies thanks to our collaboration with Nuvoton, our technical support helped our customers change processors used in the project faster and easier.

In pandemic and post-pandemic periods, we increased our stock levels highly. And we tried hard to meet the electronic component needs of our customer from our stocks as much as possible. The lead times diminished and electronic components began to be provided at more affordable prices, which generated a kind of relief in the market. And this new situation caused postpones and cancellations in the orders of the companies. As Özdisan, we achieved our goals through working in harmony. If the companies had not postponed their orders in the second half, we would have made a turnover way above our targets. While achieving our goals, we also gained invaluable new brands to our company’s agencies.

Which sectors have you been active in recent years?

As Özdisan, we continue being solution partner of our customers from many sectors thanks to our wide range of products.

What makes Özdisan different? To your opinion?

Özdisan makes the whole difference in the market with its experience of 43 years and trustworthiness. Our company is not only a supplier but also a solution partner. Being a solution partner brings a tremendous responsibility, which differs us from the other companies. Working with components in stock is a matter of genetics for Özdisan. The companies can understand what I say more clearly when
it is difficult to acquire the material. As you know, it is impossible to produce a device without electronic components. So, we built a strategy based on working with stock to compensate the losses in shipping time of the products coming from foreign countries since these critical products cannot be manufactured in our own country. Özdisan is the leading company in its sector and being the first game-changer and innovator, which applies all changes to the products, and finding innovative solutions for today’s and tomorrow’s technology needed by the customers make Özdisan different than its competitiors.

What are your expectations from 2023 as a company?

Frequently, Turkey has economic fluctations. As you know, an election will be held in 2023 and the sector may experience some sort of decline in certain months. Even though we assume that decrease in demands that felt more towards the end of 2022 would have an impact, we have still set the goal to grow by above 20% on dollars in 2023. The perspective of many companies will depend on the conditions before and after the elections. Özdisan’s focus will be on offering the most accurate product stocks and advantageous prices to all our producer customers to maintain production. We will be following closely the innovative products needed by the sector and take firm steps towards bringing these products to Turkey.

To which exhibitions do you plan to participate in 2023?

The exhibitions are the most important facilities to be pioneer in the sector, bring new products and solutions and get into the foreign markets. We, as Özdisan, really care about the foreign exhibitions. Last year, we participated in Electronica Fair held in Munich. It was very successful. We commenced
significant collaborations and acquired new agencies. We hosted many customer from all around the world.

In 2023, we will be participants and visitors of many exhibitions in Europe, Middle East and Far East. Our main focuses will be loT, lightning, medical and automative exhibitions. We will also give importance to the exhibitions of embedded software and electrical vehicle solutions. We will also take interest in the exhibitions for power electronics and laser solutions production tools. Speaking of domestic market, we will be in IDEF.

Can you talk about your export activities?

Our export volume has been growing for the last 3 or 4 years. With an annual growth rate of 90-10% for each year, we accessed a turnover that is above 30 millions in 2022. Whereas a global decrease in Europe is expected for 2023, we desire to achieve similar goals of growth with the help of our collaborations.

With its electronic PCB solutions to foreign markets, Özdisan exports to both various European countries and U.S. In 2023, we have accelerated our export activities for new countries based on support from Assan and EMS, our group companies.

Which markets do you aim at?

On October 2022, Özdisan Greece became officially active. The headquarters is in Thessaloniki. This city is very advantageous since you can go to both Greece and other Balkan countries over Thessaloniki by using airlines, sea and highways. Beginning with Thessaloniki, we will accelarate our works and activities to be solution partner of the whole Greece market and Balkan market. Özdisan Greece will be the most important electronic component supplier and solution partner with its new regional agencies and Özdisan’s wide range of products. Our colloborations with outstanding European countries have started. We plan to make new moves in Middle East and Africa markets as well as Europe, U.K., Italy, Germany.

“Being local company which is able to analyse the working principle of Turkish companies gains us an upper hand among our both global and local competitiors.”

Do you plan to open new branches in other world cities?

Nothing is certain for now, but in Özdisan, things are fast. And we have some relevant ideas. Let’s see what happens. Our target countries include Italy, U.K. and U.S.

What do you want to say about your latest distributorship agreements?

2022 was actually a very fruitful year for Özdisan in these terms. We have just begun visiting some exhibitions, yet have built connections to many companies, even though they are remote. And we have become the agency of Yageo company. Many Turkish companies are familiar with this company but they have difficulties in accessing and finding stock. Yageo products can now be supplied easily from Özdisan stocks. Additionally, we have Ignion for loT. Being one of the biggest antenna producers, Ignion is a European-based company with a capacity to dominate the whole sector. This company can offer antenna solutions for all sectors. And last year, we made an agreement with Honeywell, which is one of the world’s biggest electronics companies. We intensified our collaboration with Honeywell and we will focus on new projects in 2023. And we have also added Nichia, a Japanese sensor producer. Now, we are conducting a stock work about this company. And we are working for new brands that will complete our product range and bring us to a better level in the sector.

What do you want to say about the advantages and opportunuities Özdisan offers to the companies?

Özdisan is 43 years old. And as a manager, this is my 26th year in this company. I began working as a sales engineer. Within years, we worked with thousands of companies and carried out thosands of projects. The most important and valuable thing is the sense of trust created by Özdisan. Our company reflects its character on the companies it works with and the companies can easily and strongly feel the support of Özdisan. Being a local company which is able to analyse the working principle of Turkish companies gains us an upper hand among both our global and local competititors. Whereas many companies had difficulties in finding materials, Özdisan delivered products from its stock. The companies that work with Özdisan experienced almost no crisis about the materials. Another reason behind being preferred is our approach to the companies as not only component distributor but also solution partner. Since Özdisan is the distributor, it offers fast access to the products from its primary source.

Now, retail products are on özdisan.com and seemingly, you are going under another transformation.Can you inform us about this?

We thought that we could improve our retailing services while supporting producer companies. Our students and designers may not have established firm, yet. And they also want to develop a project after buying a product in small quantities. To this end, Özdisan had to improve its product range and be able to offer advantageous prices to the companies. The world is quickly developing and you can see the lenghts many sectors go with the help of quick development of e-commerce. It was impossible for us not to take action upon these developments.

You collaborated with many universities. What do you think of universities generally? And what do you want to say about your collaborations?

We are trying to increase our collaborations with both high-schools and universities. In the previous years, many university studens ranked in the competitions like Teknofest, to which we gave support. This makes us very happy and keeps us motivated. As you know, we held an invention festival in the last month of 2022, which was for secondary school students and hobbyists. This was an organization held by NASA for many years and its Turkish version was undertaken by Özdisan. We had a break for some time, but we again got our hands on it this year. Tomorrow’s R&D engineers, entrepreneurs, CEO or finance director may come out of these events. We also work with Doğuş University and Özyeğin University. We want to give support to many universities, actually and offer oppprtunities for internship and part-time working for our future colleagues in our company. We will increase cooperations with universities in 2023.

We Keep Growing yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Edge IT is one of the newest and exciting concepts in digital world. Going beyond the boundaries of traditional cloud information technology, Edge IT attracts attention as a decentralized information technology architecture. Developing as a result of the growth in loT and 5G technologies, Edge IT is described as a decentrealized process structure.

Supporting real-time control over critical business processes and operations while providing precious foresights, data is the heart of today’s companies. In the last years, transfer and protection of the data in digital media have become extremely important. Network problems began to emerge after carrying especially high volume data. As per the sources, the number of loT devices are predicted to be 22 billion in 2025. It is difficult to even think of the data volume which will be created by these many devices. Yet, turning these data into a value will bring serious advantages. And, Edge IT outstands as one of the most effective solutions at this very point.

The companies or organizations will be able to develop more efficient and affordable structures with longer workability periods thanks to these data interpreted by them. The companies which will address the relationship between Edge IT and 5G will not benefit from 5G as long as they do not build an Edge IT infrastructure. The companies can only use Edge IT infrastructure via different network models including cabled connection and even Wi-Fi.

Even though it is a new field, edge information technology offers many advantages.

Edge IT Usage Areas

Edge IT does not transmit the data to the centre for processing and analysing, but processes and analyses the data where it is produced and thus it can be used in many fields, which may be factory, a retailing shop or a smart city. Imagine the devices monitoring production equipment in a factory or a connected video camera sending a live image from a faraway office. Only one device which produces data can transfer this through a network easily. Yet, when the number of transferring devices increases, the problems also increase. Instead of a video camera which transmits live images, multiply this with hundred and thousand of devices. Not only the quality is damaged because of the delay, but also the costs of bandwidth can be too high. However, Edge IT is a system infrastructure that is able to solve all these problems.

If we are to explain this using agricultural examples, we can say that: Imagine a farmer who grows crops in a closed space without sunshine, soil or insecticide that are regarded as basic needs. This process decreases their growing time more than 60%. Thanks to sensors, water use of the enterprise and food intensity can be monitored and also optimum harvesting can be determined. The data are collected and analyzed to find out the impacts of environmental factors during the production, raise products, constantly improve them and harvest them under the best conditions.

The retail stores may benefit from the power of Edge IT. These enterprises may produce surveillance, stock tracking, sales data and big volumes of data from many more business processes.

Benefits of Edge Information Technologies

Even though it a brand new field, Edge IT offers many advantages, one of which is decrease in delay time. Edge IT resolves this delay problem since it draws the resources to each other and the data are not present in any external data center or cloud that prolongs the delay time.

One of the advangates of Edge is high bandwidth. Loading and analysing the data quickly, Edge IT enables each data source to process its own data. And this accelarates the process of finding the most proper information while lessening the storage costs. One of the most important differences offered by Edge IT is the cost-efficiency. It spends less on the data management solutions for local devices.

Edge IT functions as a bridge between information and operational technologies. Edge IT offers a constant flow of innovations thanks to its capability of processing the devices consonantly. We are able to witness that cloud information technology is vulnerable to attack and power cut. Yet, Edge IT does not contain such risks since the data are mostly processed in local devices and disperse the storage among the data centers.

Future Technology: Edge Information Technology yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Being one of the legendary names of Turkish football, İstanbulspor and Fenerbahçe, Alpaslan Eratlı achieved many championships and several cups in his 15-year career. Being the 3-year-captain of Fenerbahçe, for which he played for 10 years, Alpaslan Eratlı ended his football career bowing out following the Season 1982-83. He played for national team for 29 times and u-21 national team for 4 times.

Can you introduce yourself to us?

In 1948, I was born in İstanbul and grew up in Cerrahpaşa. My school life was highly problematic since my primary school was at least five kilometers away from our house. At that time, going to one place from another was so difficult and I had a hard time of it. Then, I changed my school and enrolled in Deneme Primary School in Aksaray. Afterwards, I continued my education in Pertevniyal High School. Upon finishing high-school, I studied in Chemistry Faculty of Galatasaray University until 3rd grade. Yet, my love for football took precedence over my academic education and since the transportation to the places of away games was rare, I did not go on studying, unfortunately.

Can you talk about how you met with football?

As you may know, we used to play football in empty fields years ago since there were no pitches just like today. I and my younger
brother had an empty field in our garden and we used to play football matches there. This is my story of how I met with football.
I used to play wearing my grandmother’s heels. These shoes were low-heeled and I thought as if they had been crampons. There were many fields where we could play football. There was a place called sandy and I improved my playing there. It was a pitch with 30-meter-width and 10-meter-length between two buildings. We were playing football three by three. Other kids from other neighborhoods used to come and we used to hold tournaments there. It was impossible to play in big fields because there were big brothers who did not let us.

How did you come to İstanbulspor?

It was a sheer coincidence. You may remember İbrahim Toker, former İstanbulspor player. I was going to be transferred to somewhere else out of İstanbul. I wanted them to pay my five-yearschool expenditures as the price of the transfer but İbrahim Toker wanted me to be in front of their eyes and stay in İstanbul, which was very good news for me. I did not go out of İstanbul. In 1968, İbrahim Toker brought me to İstanbulspor trials. We were late and I could not play. After 15-20 minutes, they included me in the game. But the ball came for two or three times. They called me back, but I did not leave. I was mad at the situation. Yet, it turned out that they regarded me as adequate and called me to play in the team. I learnt it after some time. I began footballing in İstanbulspor and played for 5 years. And then I was transferred to Fenerbahçe.

You were transferred from İstanbulspor to Fenerbahçe. The game you played at that time fascinated everyone. Can you talk about your football career in Fenerbahçe?

In 1970, when I was chosen for national team, I was 21. I was playing in İstanbulspor. It was not a piece of cake for young players to be in national team at that time. And I was playing in İstanbulspor in addition to being a young one. Players were generally taken from Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray. And I can also mention Cemil Turan apart from me. We were in İstanbulspor-Trabzonspor match in İnönü Stadium. There was no centre forward in the team. I played as the centre forward and kicked 2 goals. This was the first match where Şenol Güneş played for Trabzonspor. My performance during this match was appreciated so much. I was transferred to Fenerbahçe in 1973, which would last for 10 years. We became champion four times and won several cups during this period. By the way, I got injured, my cross-links were ruptured. This lasted for 4 years from 1977 to 1981. I had an operation in Germany. Doctor of German National Team operated on me and told something like that: ‘I’m performing this operation but I don’t promise you can play football again.’ Then, I began riding again, which had made him really happy. In 1982-1983, I bowed out and quit football after league and cup championship of Fenerbahçe.

Do you have any memory that you cannot forget?

I’ve never forgotten about my first National Team match. We had drawn with West Germany (1-1). We were playing against such a rival that had top ten players across the world. It was fantastic to play with Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Jürgen Grabowksi, Sepp Maier, Jupp Heynckes and Herbert Wimmer. We had played in Cologne. There were many Turks in the tribunes. I was the left back and did not let anyone. They were constantly changing players in that zone. I mean I had achieved a successful match. The deceased Ali Artuner, goalkeeper of Göztepe, said that ‘you made it easier for me’.

Legendary Libero Turkish Football: Alpaslan Eratlı yazısı ilk önce Component By Özdisan üzerinde ortaya çıktı.