In today’s technology world, determining factors such as high transmission speeds and costs have led to further development of antenna technologies over time and started to play an active role in every aspect of our lives. Under normal conditions, the principle of data transmission by transmission lines is the most conventional method used so far. However, when data transfer to long distances is carried via cable, it can be negatively affected by situations, causing several issues due to costs, geographical conditions, etc. Antennas run on the principle of detecting electromagnetic waves emitted in space and re-transmitting them to the receiving system (receiver) or spreading the signal from the transmitting system into the space through the antenna (transmitter). In this article, we will discuss about antennas developed for GSM & LTE, Wi-Fi/WLAN, GNSS and various RF applications, as the terms such as 5G, GNSS, IoT and NB-IoT will have a more important role in shaping the future of antenna technology. There are some frequency ranges determined by international organizations according to the respective fields of use. Electronic devices that communicate wirelessly are manufactured for these frequency ranges. The parameters of Gain, VSWR and Frequency Range, which are important aspects in antenna selection, are very important. Various antenna types are available in Ozdisan Elektronik’s product range for different applications.
To give a few examples to these antennas:
GSM (2G, 3G and LTE) Technology and Antennas
With the development of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technology over time, 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G (LTE) technologies have entered our lives. In the coming years, 5G will also do that. Here, the letter “G” stands for generation and creates high data transmission speeds, as well as extensive changes compared to the previous generation. While the GSM technology is usually identified with 2G, in this article we will use the GSM generalization for all mobile communication systems (2G, 3G and 4G). Since the mid-90s, the 2G technology has been used in our country as well. Respectively, data speeds have increased with the addition of terms such as GPRS, EDGE into this technology. With the introduction of 3G technology, the use areas of smart phones have further expanded, and instant image and voice data transfer during roaming has become possible. LTE (Long-Term Evolution), also known as 4G technology, is a system that was created by increasing 3G’s data transfer speeds to very high speeds and includes several system changes and security improvements. GSM technology is usually associated with 2G. However, if we use the term “GSM” in a general sense for all mobile communication systems (2G, 3G and 4G), we can define the GSM antenna as a type of antenna commonly used in mobile phones and cellular towers. The antenna on a GSM phone works on the principle that the device transmits its signal to the GSM antenna located on another cellular tower. Many devices with GSM antennas can provide uninterrupted data transmission during roaming by making instantaneous data transfer between cells while roaming, with their GSM antennas. As the technology has further developed and higher data transmission speeds have been achieved, the GSM antennas compatible with 3G and LTE, as well as GSM, were integrated into mobile devices and cellular data towers. In our country, on the other hand, mobile bandwidth was transferred to operators in the form of 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz. Ozdisan Elektronik offers a large number of antenna types with 2G, 3G and LTE support for different mobile bandwidths.
“In our country, on the other hand, mobile bandwidth was transferred to operators in the form of 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz.”
Wi-Fi Antennas
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) technology is a wireless area technology. The devices in a specific signal area are connected to each other indirectly and wirelessly to the internet, with determining parameters such as number of devices, noise, signal strength, etc. There are international standards set for Wi-Fi, such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac, and all Wi-Fi devices must comply with them. Depending on the IEEE 802.11 protocol, Wi-Fi works on 2.4GHz and 5GHz radio frequencies. Wi-Fi antennas manufactured with very different physical properties are generally available in rod antenna types that can be fixed to a region by making the necessary coaxial connection via a rod or cable with an SMA connector suitable for PCB mounting.
RF Application Antennas
RF (Radio-frequency) antennas can be used as a general nomenclature. There are various types of antennas produced for special frequency bands for transceiver operations such as Bluetooth, Xbee, etc. We can give transmitter control for the parking lot gate as an example for this. Despite the fact that there are some physical changes according to the application in hand, generally it is manufactured as an integrated PCB-type rod with SMA connector, a rod with coaxial cable output and chip antennas.
“The term GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
represents all of the GPS, GLONASS and BEIDOU systems.”
GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, BEIDOU) Technology and Antennas
The basis of navigation applications that we use with our smartphones in our daily lives is the principle of determining high-accuracy location via satellites and stations on the ground. The term GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) represents all of the GPS, GLONASS and BEIDOU systems. The GPS system invented by the USA is the most commonly used “location determination system” in the world. Thereafter comes the GLONASS system produced by the Russian Federation. While these two systems are actively and globally used, they also house almost all of the navigation-enabled devices produced today. There is also a special system called BEIDOU designed by China to work only on its territories. In addition to these, the GALILEO system, which will be implemented in the coming years and supported by the European Union, is also being designed. GNSS antennas, which are generally used for location detection applications, as well as GPS, GLONASS and BEIDOU supported products, can be found in Ozdisan Elektronik inventory.
